Examples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird - 1249 Words

Imagine what it would be like to be black in the time of change in the United States. People are always thinking that you came to steal their jobs just because you need to make a living in order to live. Harper Lee used historical references to write her book. The Great Depression was a time of great change for Americans. People were moving places and finding jobs in order to live and make it through the time period. Times were hard for blacks because the whites were totally unwilling to let them join society. Riots, mobs and conflicts were happening all over because people could not help but get the fact that other people needed jobs besides themselves. They just could not take the change that was happening and that is when racism†¦show more content†¦The Jim Crow laws are not the only real-life connection; mob mentality is also present. Harper Lee also shows the real-life issue of mob mentality. Mob Mentality is a term that describes how people are influenced by their peer s to adopt certain behaviors. A mob happens when a group of people gather and protest something that they do not like. Mobs can be very violent and dangerous. The famous lynching in Indiana, there were two black teens who were hung and one’s life was spared. Abram Smith and Thomas Shipp were hung for murder and rape. The people drug them out of their cells and stabbed them with crowbars(NPR broadcast). In India there was a mob of over 500 people trying to kill a known rapist. Mobs can be very destructive to property and people. A famous singer named Billie Holiday wrote a song called Strange Fruit. She wrote the song to help people realize that the Famous Indiana lynching was something bad that happened unreasonably. She became famous for that song. The lynching of the two black teens was held in the northern states which is really surprising. The lynching happened in Indiana. The northern states were against cruelty against blacks. That is why the lynching is so famous becau se it happened the northern states instead of the southern states. At that lynching people were posing and smiling in the picture(Beitler). People thought lynchings were a form of cheap entertainment. That is very cruel to use torturing people as entertainment. People wereShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird774 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel To Kill a Mockingbird racism is a big theme and is relevant between whites and blacks throughout the story. Racism is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race, according to Merriam-Webster. But not just in the novel is racism present. Also the United States had and still has a problem with racism. And America will never achieve racial, but also social, equality. AfricanRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird741 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill A Mockingbird Essay Assignment: Topic 2 To Kill a Mockingbird took place during the 1930s, a period shortly after the American civil war in Maycomb County, Alabama, the deep south where black people suffered from racism and discrimination. In this book, Tom Robinson was accused of raping a white woman, which was something that he’s never done, even though all the evidence proved that he did not violate that white woman, Tom was judged guilty because he was a black man. Racism is presentedRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird795 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book To Kill a Mockingbird it shows a man being wrongfully tried in a court of law and is not judged on the crime or the evidence that is given but only by the color of his skin. This is seen with Tom Robinson with his skin color, Atticus because he’s trying to treat every human being equally, and Boo Radley is judged because he never comes out of his house. Racism is a terrible thing and in this book it shows how it can affect someones life and even thoughts. For example Tom Robinson isRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1341 Words   |  6 PagesThe racial concerns that Harper Lee addresses in To Kill a Mockingbird began long before her story starts and continued long after. In order to sift through the many layers of prejudice that Lee exposes in her novel, the reader needs to understand the complex history of race relations in the South. Many states — particularly in the South — passed Jim Crow laws (named after a black, minstrel show character), which severely limited how African Americans could participate in society. The U.S. SupremeRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1142 Words   |  5 Pages Harper Lee wrote To Kill A Mockingbird during a time where racism was prevalent. The book highlights many different ways racism occurred. It also shows what growing up as a child, in this case specifically a young girl, is like in the south during the time of the great depression. Within the first three chapters alone Harper Lee make a great example of the struggles of money many families had and how it impacted even the children. In an early part of chapter two Scout says â€Å"Miss Caroline, he’sRead MoreWhy Is Innocence Becomes Experience?1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn To Kill A Mockingbird there are several reason why innocence becomes experience. Phys.com stated â€Å"Between ages 5 and 11, the researchers found, children become aware that many people believe stereotypes, including stereotypes about academic ability. When children become aware of these types of bias about their own racial or ethnic group, it can affect how they respond to everyday situations.† This shows that Scout and Jem are in a time of their lives when racism will take effect. Not only becauseRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee913 Words   |  4 PagesIn Defense of To Kill A Mockingbird Rough Draft To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has been banned and/or challenged over thirty times since its publication in 1960. Effectively preventing many students from enjoying the novel and benefitting from its message. To ignore racism is no different than denying it ever existed. To Kill a Mockingbird is appropriate for mature adolescence/students and should not be banned from schools. Despite its sexual related content, or profanity, a valuable lessonRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead MoreImpact Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird910 Words   |  4 PagesIn Harper Lee’s book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Jem , Scout , and Dill live in Maycomb , Alabama around the time of the 1930’s they all were struggling through racism and poor family’s trying to get by. Harper Lee’s first and only novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† was published during the civil right movements. In this book Jem, Scout, and Dill tend to have courage and loyalty through life and in their relationship toward one another . Jem and Scout are brother and sister, Dill is a friend of the familyRead More Racism in Literature Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRacism, a disease of the ignorant, is a horrific part of society, and has reared its ugly head throughout history, and is continuing to do the same today. Racism comes in many shapes and forms, directed towards a variation of cultures. It can end lives and tear communities apart. Often times, there are people who see racism, and are inspired to write about it, with the goal in mind to make a difference and change societies belief. Abel Meeropol and Harper Lee had that goal in common, when writing

Historical Background Of Mental Health Counseling

The counseling field is ever growing with many employment opportunities, but yet it is very competitive. Mental health counseling is one of the specializations in the counseling field. The American Mental Health Counselors Association stated that mental health counselors are â€Å"highly-skilled professionals who provide flexible, consumer-oriented therapy†(2016). Mental health counselors offer a wide range of services, such as: â€Å"assessment and diagnosis, psychotherapy, treatment planning and utilization review, brief and solution-focused therapy, alcoholism and substance abuse treatment, psychoeducational and prevention programs and crisis Management†(American Mental Health Counselors Association, 2016). This paper will discuss the historical background of mental health counseling, mental health counseling services available for adolescents, ethical requirements of the American Counseling Association and legal requirements in the state of South Carolina and the d ifferent professional organizations. Historical Background The population that has my interest is adolescents. Many adults tend to believe that children do not encounter stressful situations or deal with mental illness. In reality, everyone deals with a different amount of stress and or mental illness. For instance, an adult may encounter stress from their workload at the job, just how adolescents can experience stress from their school work. I would love to work with adolescents to give them an opportunity to haveShow MoreRelatedDiversity, Racial, And Cultural Factors1277 Words   |  6 Pages Multicultural competence is defined as acquiring the essential skills in order to interact successful with individuals of diverse cultural or ethnic backgrounds (Holcomb- Mc Coy Myers, 1999). Multicultural competency in counseling helps clinicians diminish the deeply rooted assumptions of a particular group and enables them understand their own values and gain a better perspective and empathy to successfully respond towards the needs of diverse popu lations. Clinicians are able to learn and recognizeRead MoreCounseling Challenges For Gays And Gays1198 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: COUNSELING CHALLENGES FOR GAYS AND LESBIANS 1 Counseling Challenges for Gays and Lesbians Rodney B. Platthy Marshall University COUNSELING CHALLENGES FOR GAYS AND LESBIANS 2 In order to effectively treat members of the LGBT community, we must look at historical, political, and personal history to help us understand the fears and secret issues the individual or group may have and how it evolved. Historical records indicate homosexuality has existed since the dawn of creation. HoweverRead MoreThe Cultural Considerations Involved With Counseling The Lgbt Community1020 Words   |  5 Pages Counseling the LGBT Community Yvette Morales University of the Incarnate Word August 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore various considerations when counseling members of the lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender community (LGBT). When counseling LGBT members, the psychology professional must be aware of various factors that may influence effective treatment. For instance, the historical treatment of the LGBT community by the mental health profession is importantRead MoreImmigration And The United States1430 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration is a major factor that is greatly contributing to the unprecedented demographic changes that are presently occurring in the United States. Limited literature exists concerning the psychosocial and mental health problems experienced by immigrants as a result of immigrating and subsequent adjustments. Undocumented immigrants have no legal rights and are often emotionally, physically, and economically abused. Without the right to vote and stay in the U.S. legally, immigrants have littleRead MoreThe Transformational Journey Of Leadership1652 Words   |  7 Pagesfocused on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, such as abnormal psychology, human sexuality and psychotherapies. Such classes encouraged my specific focus on issues related to mental health and emotional instability. I became encouraged to pursue my Masters degree in Clinical Mental Health and School Counseling. More specifically, my educational trajectory coursework has sought to convey the effects of therapy and other psychological concepts. This has shaped my desire to counsel others. IRead MoreMulticulturalism And By Providing Valuable Tools And Insights For Working With Latino Families1446 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics are necessary for effective counseling and therapy, including those professionals working with Latino families. Also needed are clinical interventions that address psychological and physical health outcomes, and their relationship to Latinos in the United States. The authors Sue Sue (2012) demonstrate that Latinos in the United States are a heterogeneous population from many countries, with a diverse array of belief systems and socioeconomic backgrounds. Yet, some widely shared concernsRead More Ethics and Law in the Field of Counseling Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesinteractions with cultures and society and its focus is on the client well-being. Ethics is defined by Remley and Herlihy (2010) in the counseling field as â€Å"professional behavioral and interactions† (p.4). Counselors do rely and are guide by Codes of Ethics. The role and relevance of the ethical principals, the ACA and AMHCA Code of Ethics are the base of the counseling profession. Without them this career would not have a guide on how the professionals should act and react professionally in all theRead MoreClient Scenario : Crime And Alcohol Counseling Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagescome to drug and alcohol counseling as a result of a probation requirement. Antho ny, a 31-year-old African American male, was arrested and charged with possession of cocaine with the intent to deliver. During his incarceration, he admitted to daily use of cocaine, as well as heavy drinking. As a result, Anthony participated in drug rehabilitation programs while incarcerated. Furthermore, upon his release, his probation officer ordered him to complete drug and alcohol counseling as a stipulation of probationRead MoreThe Social Welfare Issue Of The Vietnam War1481 Words   |  6 Pages62,619 veterans are homeless (Background on Veterans, n.d.). Historical Approaches The Vietnam War started in 1959 and ended the year of 1973, the war was a prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unite the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the United States (Rosenberg, 2014). After the war ended many veterans had shown to be the highest risk factor of being homeless. Not only that, but they suffered from mental illness and substance abuse problemsRead MoreCertain Populations Use Mental Health Care Services More than Others3227 Words   |  13 PagesOver the years, mental health researchers have become increasingly interested in conducting research pertaining to the utilization rates and the provision of efficacious services to ethnically and racially diverse populations (Sue Sue, 1990). Furthermore, research has concluded that certain populations may utilize mental health services more than others. In particular, individuals from underrepresented and minority populations are less likely to utilize mental healt h services than other populations

Visual Arts Paper Example For Students

Visual Arts Paper It is discovered that dead ends and empty spaces throughout the museum are used to create an eerie atmosphere. The deliberately sloped floors are intended to make visitors nauseate, while the orientation of the interior physically bringing visitors to sunlight, which is symbolic of the direction to salvation. These structural features contribute to the exploration of light, In the museum, light is used to juxtapose darkness in Holocaust Tower, the confined area reminds one f a gas chamber. In installation art Fallen Leaves, the combination of sound and light suggests a spiritual presence, haunting visitors with memories afar. Throughout the museum are scar-like slits and windows, which gradually shifts the overall atmosphere of the museum from disturbance to relief. Light carries historical significance in the Jewish Museum Berlin because it allows readers to relive history, connecting emotionally with the past. It is a hopeful structure that aims not to condemn, but to remember by recording and ultimately accepting horrors of history. Word count: 300 words Chug Mary Yet Fan (0637 0020) Contents Introduction p. 4-5 Daniel Libertines and the Jewish Museum Berlin p. -7 Jewish Museum Berlin as a scared architecture p. 8-10 Structure of the Jewish Museum Berlin p. 11-14 Dead ends Linen floors and winding stairs The Void Natural light in the Jewish Museum Berlin p. 15-18 Holocaust tower Windows and slits of light Fallen Leaves by Menaces Sideman Conclusion p. 19-20 Bibliography p. 21 -22 Appendix p. 23 The 2009 Prettier laureate, Peter Azimuth differentiates architecture trot art as such, it is concerned with insights and understanding, and above all with Ruth Architectures artistic task is to give this still expectancy a tort (Azimuth 19). My passion in architecture comes from the fact that it is realistic, No matter how vantage the design, it always withholds a specific purpose and meaning for society at the time, giving a solid form for what is deemed abstract in the arts: the truth. In the Jewish Museum Berlin, the truth is presented in the form of light Light has long been a fundamental element of architecture, especially in contemporary architecture where light becomes a means of communication that inflicts complex emotions beyond words. Via understanding the importance of light in architecture, we come to have a better understanding of the world we live in. M intrigued by the ideas that each building holds, the truth, and how they are presented. This paper explores how effective is the use of natural light in instilling historical significance into the atmosphere Of an interior space. This depends on the treatment of light, whether it contrasts or compliments the exploration of central ideas. In the Jewish Museum Berlin, Daniel Libertines haunts visitors by the insupportable, immeasurable, unshakeable ruder (Bankers 45) of the Holocaust, while connecting it to the Berlin museum as a gesture of the Jewish and German cultures reconciliation. The atmosphere of the museums interior shifts and changes with different ways of light manipulation. This essay aims to address how light is manipulated to deliver historical significance into the museums interior, and how Libertines structures the interior to compliment the particular use tot natural light in order to create atmosphere. This essay starts with a brief introduction to the architect, Daniel Libertines, ND the structure, Jewish Museum Berlin, over »mewing its stylistic features and purpose, A comparison is drawn between the museum and sacred architecture, illustrating the symbols that light embodies. Structural features of the museum that contribute to the manipulation of light are examined, such as dead ends, uneven floors, Winding stairs, and empty spaces, or voids. An analysis on the role natural light plays in creating atmosphere follows, focusing on the Holocaust tower, Windows, slits Of light, and installation art piece Fallen Leaves. Light is the intangible material that conveys intangible ideas in architecture. In the Jewish Museum Berlin, Daniel Libertines wants to address the void that is left behind after a massacre. It achieves what mere concrete cant: a subtle yet powerful way to establish emotional connection with something that isnt graspable, and most importantly, to give voice to the past and history, giving the structure purpose and context. Chug Mary Yet pan (0637 ? 0020) The traumatic memory of growing up in Communist Poland (Gears) is integral to Daniel Libertines, where he comes to respect the importance Of history. In his Text talk on September 19th, 2012, he explains, every place has a history Moieties the voices are inaudible, sometimes the actions are invisible and yet the history continues to cry out for justice. The architect of the Jewish Museum Berlin is no bystander Of Jewish history, but one Who is part Of it. A visit to Westernizes and its Jewish Cemetery has inspired Daniel Libertines to the idea of a void (Bankers 39). Looking at the empty slabs of tombstone, he was overwhelmed by the fact that these victims Will forever remain unheard. It became evident to him that he mus t bring this feeling into the museum, creating a kind of haunting quality of spaces through which the passage of absence took lace (Libertines 204). Don Juan EssayAnd removes any distinction of traditional Christian motifs and aesthetic (Karol). He masterfully deconstructs the sense of holiness to light. As a result, the contrast between light and dark creates a humble, meditative place Of worship (Karol). The void created by Figure 7: Today Nods Church Of Light Source: Fuji, Annoy. N. D. Photograph. Archaically. Web. 21 Cot. 013. -today-and/>. The for rectangular stone slabs is the only symbol of Christ, which in turn makes the interior infinitely more powerful and pure than actual, physical representations of the Church. The distinctive lines of the stone slabs are highlighted with the projection of light, the cross sign is reflected onto walls and mirrors. Similarly to And, Libertines manipulates with the idea of a void in the Garden of Exile, using negative space to deliver the sense of spirituality. In light of monumental events such as the Holocaust, any physical symbolization would appear rather shallow and ephemeral. Using abstract materials such as light in the context of the Jewish Museum Berlin, however, spiritualists the invisible in a poetic and empowering way. When stripped away of any physical connotations, the past and the invisible can be felt as they truly are, communicating With visitors complex emotions that are beyond words and time. The structure of the museum is crucial to the titration of its interior space, and therefore the way light is used to create different atmospheres and delivering historical significances. The use of quadrilateral shapes results in the defined angles and lines within the windows, shadows and spaces, creating a cage-like interior that suggests violence. Daniel Libertines projects the Jewish way of thinking into the structure of the maximize museum, as he explains, in the Jewish tradition, ideas are not simply posited as ready-made, but are arrived at through an endless process of questioning The buildings organization poses many questions to visitors. There is no set way to read the building (Bitter Libertines 21). Dead ends (Bib 8) are stylistic of the museum. Throughout the museum are abrupt stops, stairs leading to nowhere and empty areas. As result, natural light reflects and refracts within these empty hallways, creating luminous patches Of light onto walls, the floor and the ceiling. Walking through the museum is an exploration itself, While these spaces and dead ends create an eerie atmosphere. Once again, the sense of emptiness represents the invisible, silent presences. Figure 8: Dead end Source: Chug, Mary, Photograph, JPG file, 30 June 2013. 12 In the museum, windows do not necessarily introduce sunlight. There are windows (Pig. G) in the museums that reveal concrete walls, which is the main material for the structure.

Knowledge Management and Knowledge Transfer

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management and Knowledge Transfer. Answer: Introduction Literature review is known to be the third component of a research work as this exposition provides a detailed insight about the researched topic with sheer description in each required section. Here the topic of the research work has been evaluated by the researcher with the help of various journals, articles supporting and advocating to the topic. Thus the study is concentrating on the evaluation of knowledge management in both the organizational and individual field and intends to identify different mode of knowledge transfer and the barriers in this regard (Sasson and Douglas, 2006). Hence the required aspects would be discussed in the succeeding section of the study. Concept of knowledge management Both the terms knowledge and management are being considered in a broad sense separately, but when the two are taken together, the term knowledge management becomes a heavy word that signifies the act of organize information in order to generate advantage for the sake of an organization (Wilkesmann et al. 2009). In this regard it has been observed that many do not find any advantages in relation to knowledge management rather, find it as a mere wastage of time. But it is evident that like other aspects of management, knowledge management is also a very important part of an organization. Knowledge management can be defined in terms of a programme or a system that is generated in order to acquire, secure and grasp information that is delivered for the benefit of an organization. The knowledge management systems are aided with computer based information system (CIS) that also supports different kinds of KM process. In the organizational structure knowledge management possesses two aspec ts that are information management and people management. Hence, knowledge management is balanced through information on one side and people on the other (Zhu, 2004). Relationship between Individual and organizational learning The relationship between individual and organizational learning has been one of the most debated issues in the industrial culture for a long time. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of individual learning on the organizational learning. The impacts of individual learning on the organizational learning are obvious and precise as organizations consist of individuals (Ahmadi, 2011). It is obvious because individual learning can deliver profit to the management system of the organization and, precise because it appears to be independent of individual learning but not on the whole. On the other hand the concept of organizational learning is in a way related to the knowledge management as the organizational learning can be considered as the objective of knowledge management in an organization. Therefore, it can be realised that organizational learning is able to enhance the KM processes that deliver the progress which includes innovation, collaboration, collective i ndividual learning and industrial decision making and this improves the entire organizational structure in relation to employee behaviour and relationship (Antonacopoulou, 2006). Transfer knowledge through ICT system and Social system The concept of knowledge transfer has become of the most debated topics in the business industry of any region along with literal aspects of knowledge management. The idea of transferring knowledge within firms or between separate organizations has largely been celebrated in recent years as knowledge is considered to be one of the effective tools for obtaining and surviving in the competitive environment (Ajmal and Koskinen, 2008). In order to implement knowledge management within organization, it is essential to ensure the interaction between knowledge transfer and knowledge management. Knowledge transfer can be defined as the process in which the knowledge of one possessor is being transferred to another and in the corporate sense the knowledge acquired by an individual or a group in one organization has been transferred to another organization. The concept of knowledge transfer must include the aspects of what, when and to whom the knowledge must be transferred and the convenient means in this regard is the information and communication technologies (ICT) in which articulated knowledge can easily be transferred in words via this technology (numprasertchai and poovarawan, 2008). The social system in relation to knowledge transfer is also an effective means as through the social networks, organizations and individuals are able to transfer knowledge. The advantage of social system of transferring knowledge is the ability to detect the link between individual learning and a group of individuals like an organization. Therefore, it can be realised that the Knowledge transferring system plays a vital role in acquiring knowledge from various sources in the industrial culture. Constraints in knowledge transfer In the context of knowledge transfer, certain barriers have been detected in the organizational scenario. According to many previous researches there are two main constraints in transferring knowledge between individuals or organizations (Sherman and Haas, 2015). The first constraint has been identified as the cultural barrier which suggests that individuals in the organization are unable to share or transfer knowledge due to lack of trust and dependence. On the other hand the second barrier is believed to be the localization in relation to knowledge transfer. It depicts the situation in which employees are not well aware about where to transfer and how to transfer, as they are not well trained to access the information systems of other systems through which the knowledge is being transferred. Therefore, the employees must be provided with training in such areas to overpower the barriers in this regard (Kase et al. 2009). Conclusion In conclusion of this chapter it can be depicted that knowledge management is an important part of the organisational management like all other aspects of management. This study defines the concept of knowledge management and the impacts of different system regarding knowledge transfer have also been discussed. Hence, it can be said that knowledge management and knowledge transfer can be considered as the most effecting tool in managing information while dealing with the constraints of knowledge transfer within the organizational structure. Applied Report Introduction This report intends to highlight the practices of knowledge management and knowledge transfer within the industrial structure. Here the concept of knowledge would be critically discussed in accordance with the literature review. On the other hand the concept of knowledge transfer and mode of transfer would also be evaluated in this context. The report mainly aims to discuss the given scenarios or case studies provided in knowledge cafe 2 and 3 and the models and principles of knowledge transfer will be evaluated in order to provide a valid information and appropriate understanding of the entire process (Antonacopoulou, 2006). The idea of knowledge management has been defined as the process or a system through which accumulated information of an individual are being transferred to another or to any organization. In the same way the readers conception about knowledge transfer would be enhanced if the study would successfully deliver the explanation about the system of knowledge transfe r and the mechanisms that are being used in this regard. The report also encompasses various other aspects related to knowledge management like organizational and individual learning as these two terms are considered as an important part of the formation of KM. All the mentioned aspects will be defined and discussed in the context of knowledge cafe 2 and knowledge cafe 3 and the required questions will be answered in this regard. Therefore, it can be said that knowledge management and transfer are the two aspects of organizational management structures that helps in forming the apt information management and people management in the organization. The organizational and individual learning system generates a systematic and general approach to the employees attitude towards the transfer and accumulation of knowledge aided with information communication technology (Caddy, 2001). Main body Intellectual capital in knowledge management Intellectual capital is a term that can be defined as cogitative assets of an individual for it has been observed that individuals are more likely to use their brain instated of employing physical labour in the future course of work. The intellectual capital may not be able to construct companys balance sheets but it can be considered as the most valuable asset for the organizations (Kidd, 2005). It has been evidently observed that from the previous researches that the economic balance of an organization can be managed through the employees expert management skills and the problem solving attitude that can be derived with same positive results from physical engagement in this context. The modern scenario of the organization is based on the information based knowledge rather than the traditional form of knowledge. In this respect the implementation of intellectual capital in relation to knowledge cafe 2 and KC3 has been identified in terms of knowledge transfer principles that show th at knowledge transfer process in KC 2 has taken extra time while the information communication technology (ICT) is able to make the transfer system quick and less time consuming. Therefore, knowledge and intellectual capital are the two most important aspects that are able to create competitive advantages by managing people and the firms at the same time. Hence, it had been observed that intellectual capital intellectual capital includes the strategies, models and principles that may be used for creating apt informative knowledge and problem solving skills within the employees (Managing Knowledge in Organizations: Tools Techniques for Competitive Advantage, 2016). Organizational and individual learning and community practices Organizational learning is the most efficient and effective tool in relation to knowledge management as organizational management can form learning systems preferred by the employees that will help the organization to create appropriate knowledge. Hence the community practices can be considered in this regard as the social units through which the information or the knowledge is being created. In case of KC3 it can be said that the organisational learning has exercised its impact on the situation in which BB University has conducted a scenario of knowledge transfer in which the online process methods are being employed in the course of knowledge (Minbaeva and Michailova, 2004). Therefore the organizational learning and the knowledge management of reconstructing the strategic workforce of an organization aided with community practices. In the literature review part the relation between organizational and individual learning has been assessed in order to identify the importance of knowl edge management in the organizational management system. This has been considered as a model so far in past decades as the organizational learning depicts the process in which individuals tend to get more skilled within the community represented as a social unit in this context. However, the organizational learning is well connected with the community practices as the community has been formed with the individuals gaining knowledge (Mohanta and Thooyamani, 2009). Role of social media in knowledge management The adoption of social media in the modern age in organizations has enlarged the scope in which people are exchanging and sharing information, solving problems and taking organizational decision. In this regard it can be mentioned that the organizations are employing social media within the circle of organizational functions. The enterprise social networking system (ESNS) is the type of social media that has been implemented in order to exchange information and knowledge within the organization. In case of KC3 it can be realised that the knowledge management process are being conducted through ICT system and social environmental system. Hence the social media has exercised a huge impact on the organizational management system that has been gain in two out comes that is knowledge management process and workplace learning system. On the other hand the knowledge management system is also enriched with the ICT knowledge transfer system as it is a process in which the information are bein g transferred through information and communication technological system. Thus, the social media is playing a vital role in enhancing the practices of knowledge management within the organizations (Role of Social Media in Knowledge Management during Natural Disaster Management, 2012). ICT system in transferring knowledge In this modern age, competition and economic balance compelled the organization to engage themselves in the act of transferring information and other data to their counter parts in order to survive in the environment of competitive advantage. In this regard the act of knowledge transfer can be considered as the most effective tool in this regard. In recent years as the attention has been diverted into the aspects of knowledge management, the KT process are being highlighted in this context from past few years( Graham, 2000). This process encompasses the transfer method of knowledge from one possessor to another or in other ways to an ignorant party from another experienced one. The KT processes exhibits itself through the concept of change and development, for instance, if a company is introducing new product of policy then through the act of knowledge transfer the traditional or the old none are being replaced by the new ones with the help of accumulated information about the market gathered by information communication technology. In relation to the case study it can be said that we find in KC3 that the individuals are receiving invitation to participate in the knowledge transfer system and observed that the ICT process are playing the most significant role in this respect (Kraaijenbrink and Wijnhoven, 2008). Hence, in the literature review part, the usefulness along with the effectiveness of the ICT system has been evaluated with all its potential sides. Many capacity theories are being described in the previous researches that depict the ICT system can be defined in terms of obtaining capabilities in such areas like richness, social presence and the ability to interact. However theses capabilities do not advocate any particular function of communication technologies rather it depicts the how the objectives in relation to knowledge transfer can be achieved through effective practices of KT system. The review of the literature shows that the capabilities of CT system are being engaged in terms of drawing positive outcomes and results. Therefore in relation to obtaining knowledge the organization that is employing ICT system as a means of transferring knowledge should be reassessed in order to understand the actual function of ICT system and how it is effective in the field of knowledge ma nagement and knowledge transfer (Nelson and McCann, 2008). Transfer barriers and tacit and explicit knowledge In relation to knowledge transfer many investigations have been conducted in order to find out whether any barrier has been formed in this context. But it has been observed so far that there are two types of barriers exist in relation to KT system. The main two barriers in this regard can be mentioned the localization and the cultural barrier (Burnett, 2012). The cultural barrier as discussed previously in literature review can be described as the lack of individual trust for which people are unable to share information as they cannot trust any other people with the information of the knowledge they are providing. On the other hand, the localization can be described as the form of unaware practices regarding the KT system and it occurs when the individuals or the employees are carrying out the duties of transferring knowledge with the help of information communication technology (Bhardwaj and Monin, 2006). This happens due to the ignorance of the staff as they do not know how to and where the knowledge should be projected. In this report the researcher has evaluated the importance of knowledge as well as the fundamental sides of knowledge that the categories including tacit and explicit knowledge. In order to understand the application of such categories of knowledge the theories related to it must be understood in this context. Therefore the term tacit knowledge can be defined as personal knowledge and it helps in developing personal skills of the employees those results in better productivity of the company ( Jiang, 2005). Therefore, this type of knowledge demands an individual to transfer tacit knowledge they must understand the type of the knowledge that they intend to transfer and also should possess the comprehension about right place to put the knowledge. Figure 1: model for tacit knowledge Source: (Venters, 2010) On the other had the other type of knowledge can be defined as the formal structured type of knowledge, that is this type of knowledge is being presented in the written format like, any manual, or copyright or something like that. The explicit knowledge demands the formal academic education or study in order to get proper understanding of the format of such knowledge. Once the explicit knowledge is being codified then it can be reused in the context of problem solving or other issues in the organizational context. Therefore it can be said that the act of gathering and assessing explicit knowledge can cost a little more than other processes and also time consuming (Salisbury, 2003). Absorptive capacity in knowledge transfer The definition of knowledge has been provided in this report in order to make a smooth way towards the concept of knowledge transfer. Hence knowledge can be defined in this context as a particular skill obtained by the individuals so that they can show off their inherited talent in the respective fields (Chiang, 2011). But the definition of knowledge transfer has not been clearly stated in the previous research works. But here a sense of confusion may work as there is not much difference that can be detected between knowledge transfer and creating new knowledge. The literature review reveals that knowledge combination, knowledge creation and learning can be included in the concept of knowledge transfer (Yencken, 2008). Here the concept of knowledge transfer has been discussed in the context of organizational structure as it has been proven beneficial and effective in this regard. The absorptive capacity can be explained in this regard as the ability to accept and receive knowledge fr om the external sources. This capacity includes the assimilation of the external information, assessment of the information and the application of the information for the sake of company betterment. The first two components of absorptive capacities that are the acquisition and assimilation are very common and interdependent but the third section that the application needs some extra understanding of the right place that the knowledge is being employed. It is evident in this regard that the absorptive capacity has four different dimensions namely, acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation. The first two are considered to be the potential type of absorptive capacity and the later two are the realised ones (Tsoukas, 2002). The four dimensions of absorptive capacity are being discussed in the following manner. Acquisition: this kind of absorptive capacity is defined as the ability to acquire value and explain knowledge from the external sources. It depends mostly on the prior investments and prior knowledge. Assimilation: it depicts the ability of an organization to adapt, explain and explore knowledge from the external sources. It is a routine in the organization that allows the analyzing process to take place in this regard. Transformation: it explains the ability of the organization to adapt new knowledge and merge it with the existing knowledge in order to form new information. Exploitation: allows organizations to apply the merged information into it operational ground and also to look for new scope to develop new knowledge. The absorptive knowledge mainly possesses some affective factors in the fields of its activity. Those factors are the external factors and the internal factors. The internal factors are those that come in the way of merging the new source of knowledge with the old ones. As the old ones have practiced positive impacts on the management aspects of the company. But the exsternal factors are those that depict the difficulties in accumulating knowledge from external sources and most importantly detecting the right source of knowledge. Hence, it can be said that the absorptive capacity is another important aspect in relation to knowledge transfer and knowledge management in the industrial structure (Song, 2014). Conclusion To conclude this report it can be said, that there are many aspects working behind the function of knowledge management and transfer. In this report it can be assumed that the main aspects in the course of transferring knowledge are the ICT system and the role of social media in this regard. In relation to the knowledge management it has been observed so far that the various forms of knowledge are also important in delivering appropriate knowledge to the organizations. Hence, in relation to overpower the barriers in this regard, the organization must introduce training programme in relation to the use of ICT system and other technological means in order to make the working process smooth and detangled. In this regard, some suggestion also can be made that the organization should focus their concentration on the new methods and technologies that must be employed in order to make the knowledge management process more efficient and effective. References Ahmadi, F. (2011). Relationship between Professional Ethics and Organizational Commitment.IJLD, 1(1). Ajmal, M. and Koskinen, K. (2008). Knowledge transfer in project-based organizations: An organizational culture perspective.Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 39(1), pp.7-15. Antonacopoulou, E. (2006). The Relationship between Individual and Organizational Learning: New Evidence from Managerial Learning Practices.Management Learning, 37(4), pp.455-473. Antonacopoulou, E. (2006). The Relationship between Individual and Organizational Learning: New Evidence from Managerial Learning Practices.Management Learning, 37(4), pp.455-473. Bhardwaj, M. and Monin, J. (2006). Tacit to explicit: an interplay shaping organization knowledge.J of Knowledge Management, 10(3), pp.72-85. Burnett, S. (2012). Explicit to Tacit: the Role of Explicit Knowledge in Technological Innovation.Libri, 62(2). Caddy, I. (2001). Orphan knowledge: the new challenge for knowledge management.Jnl of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), pp.236-245. Chiang, J. (2011). Subsidiary Performance In MNCs: The Influences Of Absorptive Capacity And Social Capital On Knowledge Transfer.International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 6(10). Graham, P. (2000). Transferring Knowledge.Nous, 34(1), pp.131-152. Jiang, C. (2005). The impact of entrepreneur's social capital on knowledge transfer in Chinese high-tech firms: the mediating effects of absorptive capacity and guanxi development.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 5(3/4), p.269. Kase, R., Paauwe, J. and Zupan, N. (2009). HR practices, interpersonal relations, and intrafirm knowledge transfer in knowledge-intensive firms: a social network perspective.Human Resource Management, 48(4), pp.615-639. Kidd, J. (2005). Knowledge Management Tools and Techniques: Practitioners and Experts Evaluate KM Solutions.Knowledge Management Research Practice, 3(2), pp.117-119. Kraaijenbrink, J. and Wijnhoven, F. (2008). Managing heterogeneous knowledge: a theory of external knowledge integration.Knowledge Management Research Practice, 6(4), pp.274-286. Managing Knowledge in Organizations: Tools Techniques for Competitive Advantage. (2016).Journal of Business Management Economics, 4(2). Minbaeva, D. and Michailova, S. (2004). Knowledge transfer and expatriation in multinational corporations.Employee Relations, 26(6), pp.663-679. Mohanta, G. and Thooyamani, K. (2009). Perception of Top Level Knowledge Workers on Productivity Improvement through Tools and Techniques.jmr, 2(1), p.4. Nelson, K. and McCann, J. (2008). Developing intellectual capital and innovativeness through knowledge management.IJLIC, 5(2), p.106. Numprasertchai, S. And Poovarawan, Y. (2008). Improving university performance through ict based knowledge management system. Int. J. Innovation Technol. Management, 05(02), pp.167-178. Role Of Social Media In Knowledge Management During Natural Disaster Management. (2012).International Journal on Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences, 4(4), pp.284-292. Salisbury, M. (2003). Putting theory into practice to build knowledge management systems.J of Knowledge Management, 7(2), pp.128-141. Sasson, J. and Douglas, I. (2006). A conceptual integration of performance analysis, knowledge management, and technology: from concept to prototype.J of Knowledge Management, 10(6), pp.81-99. Scaringella, L. and Burtschell, F. (2015). The challenges of radical innovation in Iran: Knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity highlights Evidence from a joint venture in the construction sector.Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Sherman, E. and Haas, M. (2015). Social Structural Constraints on the Interpersonal Transfer of Knowledge.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015(1), pp.13581-13581. Song, J. (2014). Subsidiary absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer within multinational corporations.Journal of International Business Studies, 45(1), pp.73-84. Tsoukas, H. (2002). Introduction: Knowledge-Based Perspectives on Organizations: Situated Knowledge, Novelty, and Communities of Practice.Management Learning, 33(4), pp.419-426. Venters, W. (2010). Knowledge management technology-in-practice: a social constructionist analysis of the introduction and use of knowledge management systems.Knowledge Management Research Practice, 8(2), pp.161-172. Wilkesmann, U., Wilkesmann, M. and Virgillito, A. (2009). The Absence of Cooperation Is Not Necessarily Defection: Structural and Motivational Constraints of Knowledge Transfer in a Social Dilemma Situation.Organization Studies, 30(10), pp.1141-1164. Yencken, J. (2008). Technology absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer and commercialisation: traps and success factors.International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 7(2/3), p.129. Zhu, Z. (2004). Knowledge management: towards a universal concept or cross-cultural contexts?.Knowledge Management Research Practice, 2(2), pp.67-79.

women in combat Essays (839 words) - Gender Studies, Women In Combat

Women in Combat Michael Cox 1st Hour 11-2-10 Women have played a tremendous roll in many countries armed forces from the past to the present. Women have thoroughly integrated into the armed forces; all positions in the armed forces should be fully accessible to women who can compete with men intellectually and physically. Yet, many argue that the distinction between combat and non-combat becomes blurred in the context of women warfare. In actuality, many women are assigned to jobs that will expose them to enemy attack, and this has been openly acknowledged by the top Pentagon officials. The United States Army has also recognized that women would be deployed in combat zones as an inevitable consequence of their assignments. This was confirmed in the following statement made by then Army Chief of Staff, General Bernad W. Rogers, ?Some people believe that women soldiers will not be deployed in the event of hostilities that they are only to be part-time soldier. Women are an essential part of the force; they will deploy with their units and they will serve in the skills in which they have been trained?. In the most powerful country in the world, the defense should not be taken lightly. Only the most qualified and strong people fight for the US. That is why I propose that women be allowed in combat If a woman is qualified and willing, she should not be denied the chance to defend her country ...especially if she possesses skills needed by the military... The military provides so many opportunities for men and women alike, so how can women be enthusiastic about their service if they know that females are being shut out of certain areas? First lets establish what exactly combat is. Combat equal active fighting with enemy forces. Congress has established that women are unfit to fight in a combat situation for several reasons. There is the obvious psychological differences men and women posess. Personal hygeine, and the physical aspects are also reasons. Another problem is that sexual urges come about when the two sexes are together. There is a long line of discrimination in the military and concerning women in history. Women were just given the right to vote not too long ago. Women have been constantly proving their equality to men by demonstrating their capabilities to do equal tasks. As far as the military is concerned, blacks werent allowed to join the military because they were said to be inferior. They proved the governments wrong and now black men are leaders in the army. Gay people are allowed in the military after much dispute, so long as they keep it private. Since it is established that blacks and gays are equal in the military, we are living in a society where women are holding high positions, in the supreme court, politics and those sorts of jobs. There is no reason that women should not be able to defend our country in combat. Women are allowed to use guns on the police force and also on the SWAT team. Military Police are often providing battlefield security, both male and female, called Combat Patrols.....Also, women and men are both trained in comba t arms in basic training for the military. There is no chance for women to utilize their skills, and I propose that women be allowed to be in combat if they wish. Granted, they pass physical tests, just as men do. There should be no more discrimination among sexes when it comes to national defense. Some interesting facts you may want to know are that 1 out of every 6 soldiers are women. Only 20% of the army is combat. If we included women in combat, that number could grow and we could have more qualified soldiers fighting for your safety. In conclusion, Women should be allowed in combat for service in the United states military . There is no reason why women should be discriminated against anymore, when given the chance, I am sure that Congress will realize that women may be just as qualified to defend, you, the citizens of the US.War has been a part of humanity almost as long as humanity itself. However, women at war have not been.

The Insanity Plea essays

The Insanity Plea essays In the world today, there are many mentally unbalanced humans, those who cant resist certain impulses due to their mental capacity. People who cant determine right from wrong or even people who cannot control their own self. Some of these people can be classified as criminals. They have done something unacceptable to society. How are these people judged? Is it fair to hold them responsible and seek to punish them? The courts in all civilized nations have accepted that those who are insane cannot be treated the same as a sane offender. This view has resulted in what we know today as The Insanity Plea. Offenders who are truly unbalanced can be found not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity. This is left to question, what consists of a truly mentally unbalanced human? Many Americans feel sane or slightly unbalanced offenders use the plea too easily. The plea is the only fair way of justice for the mentally unbalanced, but stricter rules and regulations should be assessed t o prevent abuse of the plea. In ancient societies, a person was judged whether they committed the crime or not. You were guilty or not guilty solely on the facts of the case. In the early thirteenth century, the insanity plea became known to the world. The king would grant pardons to those who were mentally defective and they would not have to serve a prison sentence or be executed . Little was known about mental illnesses and problems arose on the degree of insanity. The English came up with a plea of absolute madness, with a successful plea the defendant would be free from all charges. Absolute madness was an extremely general rule; therefore the English common law was created. This concept, the ability to determine right from wrong, was the basic guideline in judging insanity cases. In 1843, the assassination attempt on British Prime Minister Robert Peel was the first time the insanity defense was used in a well-known politic...

Finance and Asset Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Finance and Asset Management Report - Essay Example 2012, 2011 and 2011. This performance evaluation has been conducted by using ratio analysis which has been the most effective performance evaluation tool in terms of past performance trends. The comparison of the financial performance of Great Portland is also made in collaboration with one of the industry competitor named as Songbird over the same financial periods. Following are the five broader areas of ratio analysis namely profitability, liquidity, efficiency, solvency and investment under which the performance evaluation has been conducted (Brigham et al, 2008). Profitability Analysis The profitability picture of Great Portland provides a better view if the past performance is taken into consideration. It can be observed that the net profit margin of Portland has improved massively as it just started some momentum in the year 2010 (Great Portland Estates, 2012). However, in the year 2011, the firm bounced back on significant note and continued its better performance in the year 2012 as well. Very similar trend can also be observed if operating profit margin is taken into consideration, which started peaking in the year 2010. However, operating profit margin for Great Portland has been on an increasing trend. If these two ratios of Great Portland are compared with Songbird, it can be noted that Songbird was performing well on these notes until 2012 when it drowned into losses (Songbird Estates plc, 2011). However, operating profit margin is still positive for Songbird in the last year but it has declined severely in the last three years. If return generated by the assets of the firm, are taken into consideration, Great Portland has improved its performance in this area as well such that from 13% ROA, it has increased to the ROA of 17% which is a very delightful sign for the company until 2012 when it declined to 7.9%. Likewise, return on shareholders’ equity has also performed well as it has increased from negative 17%% to positive 23%, which is a t remendous indicator that the equity of the company is making good profits until 2012 when it reduced down to 12%. Conversely, these two ratios for Songbird have again showed sluggish performance over the past three years as their performance in terms of both ROA and ROE has shifted into negative zone, which is an alarming sine for Songbird. Ratios 2012 2012 2011 2011 2010 2010 Great Portland Songbird Great Portland Songbird Great Portland Songbird Profitability Net Profit Margin 339.61% -33.47% 407.68% 146.40% 349.89% 63.57% Operating Profit Margin 378.56% 82.53% 432.13% 93.36% 404.92% 116.46% Return on Assets 7.90% -1.37% 17.05% 6.86% 13.17% 3.28% Return on Equity 12.53% -5.09% 23.38% 24.00% 17.84% 16.99% Liquidity Analysis The liquidity analysis of both the companies is conducted rather in a brief manner as only one ratio has been selected for this purpose, which is current ratio. Current ratio mainly depicts the amount of current assets available in order to pay off $1 current li ability of the company (Watson, 2009). If the current ratio of Great Portland is taken into consideration, it can be noted that this figure has been observed consistently on a declining trend such that the current ratio of the company was 2.59, which depicts that the company had only ?2.59 in order to pay o